{"id":1713,"date":"2024-04-20T07:59:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T07:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/?p=1713"},"modified":"2024-04-20T07:59:15","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T07:59:15","slug":"how-to-run-a-shell-script-on-mac-cs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/how-to-run-a-shell-script-on-mac-cs\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak spustit skript Shell na Macu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Instalace aplikac\u00ed na Mac je pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00e1 a jen z\u0159\u00eddka vy\u017eaduje restart. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed p\u0159et\u00e1hne ikonu aplikace do slo\u017eky Aplikace, ale experti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skript Shell. Shell skripty<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 snadno spou\u0161t\u011bt v Termin\u00e1lu na va\u0161em Macu, pokud budete m\u00edt na pam\u011bti n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek se vyhn\u011bte spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skript\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste si st\u00e1hli online, ani\u017e byste v\u011bd\u011bli, co um\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed tedy dva zp\u016fsoby, jak spou\u0161t\u011bt skripty shellu na Macu \u2013 snadn\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob.<\/p>\n

V\u011bci, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o skriptech Shell<\/span><\/h2>\n

Shell je interaktivn\u00ed textov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edvat s p\u0159\u00edkazy. Skript shellu je tedy jako textov\u00fd soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m pomohou vyhnout se jejich op\u011btovn\u00e9mu zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pro opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u00fakoly. Takto m\u016f\u017eete kombinovat v\u00edce \u00faloh do jednoho skriptu, abyste u\u0161et\u0159ili \u010das a vyhnuli se chyb\u00e1m vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159i opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se \u00faloh\u00e1ch. N\u00e1zvy soubor\u016f skript\u016f shellu nesou. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SH.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esko\u010d\u00edm pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kladech shellov\u00fdch skript\u016f. Pokud se chcete nau\u010dit vytv\u00e1\u0159et shell skripty na Macu, pod\u00edvejte se na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed Shell Scripting Primer<\/a> spole\u010dnosti Apple . To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee abyste se vyhnuli bolestem hlavy a srdce, mus\u00edte si pamatovat dv\u011b pravidla t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se skript\u016f shellu:<\/p>\n

1. <\/strong> Slep\u00e9 ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek<\/strong> \u2013 Shell skripty obvykle ke sv\u00e9mu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed u\u017eivatele root (opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed na \u00farovni spr\u00e1vce). Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u0161ak budete muset poskytnout opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skriptu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatele (administr\u00e1tora) sudo ke spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vybran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. D\u016frazn\u011b v\u0161ak doporu\u010dujeme zkontrolovat obsah skriptu shellu a jeho zdroj, ne\u017e mu ud\u011bl\u00edte pln\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jako bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00e1m macOS neposkytuje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skriptu, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed root ze syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slo\u017eek.<\/p>\n

2. <\/strong> Zkontrolujte obsah shellov\u00e9ho skriptu<\/strong> \u2013 Pou\u017eijte textov\u00fd editor, jako je Sublime Text, k zobrazen\u00ed shellov\u00fdch skript\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste z\u00edskali odjinud, nebo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch. A\u0165 u\u017e z toho dok\u00e1\u017eete ud\u011blat hlavu nebo ocas, textov\u00fd editor dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete snadno ov\u011b\u0159it online.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1hn\u011bte si Sublime Editor pro Mac<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Vyzkou\u0161ejte tento testovac\u00ed skript<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro tuto p\u0159\u00edru\u010dku jsem pou\u017eil n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3d k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed skriptu shellu v editoru Sublime Text:<\/p>\n

#! \/bin\/bash
\necho \"Hello World!\"<\/code><\/code><\/p>\n

\"Otestujte<\/figure>\n

Pot\u00e9 jsem soubor ulo\u017eil jako test.sh pro testovac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n

Snadn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak spustit skript Shell na Macu<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak spustit skript shellu, je otev\u0159\u00edt ho v termin\u00e1lu a sledovat jeho b\u011bh. Je to v\u0161ak riskantn\u00ed krok, pokud si nejste v\u011bdomi toho, co m\u016f\u017ee skript Shell d\u011blat a jeho p\u016fvod. Termin\u00e1l ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed spust\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 testovac\u00ed skript, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatele root.<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Otev\u0159ete aplikaci Termin\u00e1l<\/strong> pomoc\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Spotlight nebo slo\u017eky Aplikace ve Finderu na va\u0161em Macu. V okn\u011b Termin\u00e1l se p\u0159epn\u011bte do slo\u017eky, kde je skript prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Zm\u011bna<\/figure>\n

2.<\/strong> V okn\u011b Termin\u00e1l zadejte n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz a stiskn\u011bte Return<\/strong> :<\/p>\n

sh <shell script file name><\/code><\/code><\/p>\n

\"Testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figure>\n

P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete zadat sh v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm okn\u011b Termin\u00e1l. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00e1hn\u011bte skript shellu z okna Finder do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho okna Termin\u00e1lu a stiskn\u011bte Return.<\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> V\u00fdstup skriptu shellu se objev\u00ed v okn\u011b Termin\u00e1l. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eijete soubor test.sh, uvid\u00edte Hello World! v okn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9<\/figure>\n

Pokud se soubor nespust\u00ed, budete muset souboru skriptu shellu ud\u011blit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n

sudo chmod +x <shell script file location><\/code><\/code><\/p>\n

\"Ud\u011blen\u00ed<\/figure>\n

Po stisknut\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtka Return budete muset zadat heslo \u00fa\u010dtu spr\u00e1vce.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak spustit skript Shell na Macu<\/span><\/h2>\n

Je dobr\u00e9 otestovat skript shellu v textov\u00e9m editoru na k\u00f3d, jako je Sublime Text, abyste ov\u011b\u0159ili \u017eivotaschopnost skriptu. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v textov\u00e9m editoru je tak\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee neprovede \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve va\u0161em syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Spus\u0165te Sublime Text nebo jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd textov\u00fd editor pro k\u00f3d na Macu. Otev\u0159ete v n\u011bm sv\u016fj shell skript (test.sh pro tuto p\u0159\u00edru\u010dku).<\/p>\n

\"Shell<\/figure>\n

3. <\/strong> Budete muset ud\u011blit opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skriptu shellu pomoc\u00ed termin\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

4.<\/strong> Vra\u0165te se do okna Sublime Text, klepn\u011bte na volbu N\u00e1stroje na horn\u00ed li\u0161t\u011b az kontextov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky zvolte Sestavit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

5. <\/strong> Nechte skript b\u011b\u017eet v okn\u011b uvnit\u0159 Sublime text. Obdr\u017e\u00edte zpr\u00e1vu o jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Pokud se zobraz\u00ed chyba opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jste znovu provedli krok 3, abyste p\u0159id\u011blili spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed skriptu shellu.<\/p>\n

U\u017eijte si skripty Shell s trochou opatrnosti<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina skript\u016f shellu pro instalaci softwaru nebo jin\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed \u00falohy je testov\u00e1na jejich tv\u016frci. Pokud ale nezn\u00e1te jeho dopad a autenti\u010dnost, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt textov\u00fd editor na Macu a zkontrolovat, co skript um\u00ed. To je mnohem bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak otestovat skripty shellu, ne\u017e riskovat sv\u016fj Mac. Jinak je Termin\u00e1l vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed a spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skript\u016f shellu na va\u0161em Macu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Instalace aplikac\u00ed na Mac je pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00e1 a jen z\u0159\u00eddka vy\u017eaduje restart. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed p\u0159et\u00e1hne ikonu aplikace do slo\u017eky Aplikace, ale experti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skript Shell. Shell skripty m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 snadno spou\u0161t\u011bt v Termin\u00e1lu na va\u0161em Macu, pokud budete m\u00edt na pam\u011bti n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek se vyhn\u011bte spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skript\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste si st\u00e1hli online, ani\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13,202,203],"class_list":["post-1713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-macos","tag-programming","tag-shell-script"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1714,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions\/1714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}