{"id":1785,"date":"2024-04-26T10:02:32","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T10:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2024-04-26T10:02:32","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T10:02:32","slug":"how-to-fix-sudo-command-not-found-error-on-linux-cs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/how-to-fix-sudo-command-not-found-error-on-linux-cs\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak opravit chybu \u201eSudo: Command Not Found\u201c v syst\u00e9mu Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Linuxov\u00e9 distribuce maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u00faplnou bezpe\u010dnost a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Mezi nimi jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed m\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det v opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Linux omezen\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt ur\u010dit\u00e9 administrativn\u00ed akce, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch soubor\u016f. V Linuxu m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 akce prov\u00e1d\u011bt pouze u\u017eivatel root, nebo pro n\u011b m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz &#8216;sudo&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co je Sudo v Linuxu?<\/strong> Tento p\u0159\u00edkaz, kter\u00fd znamen\u00e1 &#8216;superuser do&#8217;, v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt akce t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1m ud\u011bluje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed na \u00farovni root. Krom\u011b toho je sudo ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed nainstalovan\u00fd na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b syst\u00e9m\u016f Linux.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud jste v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b nastavili nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Linux, m\u016f\u017eete narazit na chybu \u201eSudo: P\u0159\u00edkaz nenalezen\u201c. To je docela b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017eete pom\u011brn\u011b snadno vy\u0159e\u0161it pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod, o kter\u00fdch zde budeme diskutovat.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"why-are-you-getting-the-sudo-command-not-found-error\">Pro\u010d se v\u00e1m zobrazuje chyba \u201eSudo: P\u0159\u00edkaz nenalezen\u201c?<\/h2>\n<p>Chcete-li spou\u0161t\u011bt p\u0159\u00edkazy jako u\u017eivatel root, pot\u0159ebujete bal\u00ed\u010dek Sudo, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edinstalov\u00e1n na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b distribuc\u00ed Linuxu. Pokud v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te Arch, Fedora, CentOS, RHEL 8 nebo nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a Debian 10 nebo nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nainstalov\u00e1n. To je jeden z mo\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee zobrazovat chyba.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, \u017ee v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PATH chyb\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159 sudo. Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159 sudo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jej v\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt a pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my m\u016f\u017eete vy\u0159e\u0161it dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby. Prvn\u00ed zahrnuje instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku sudo a druh\u00fd p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed sudo do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PATH.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-install-the-sudo-package\">1. Nainstalujte bal\u00ed\u010dek Sudo<\/h2>\n<p>Chcete-li nainstalovat Sudo, mus\u00edte se odhl\u00e1sit ze sv\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu a p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit se jako u\u017eivatel root. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete jednodu\u0161e p\u0159epnout na u\u017eivatele root p\u0159\u00edmo podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch krok\u016f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Klepnut\u00edm na ikonu termin\u00e1lu na panelu jej otev\u0159ete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"516\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-09-44-51-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"917\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdy\u017e se termin\u00e1l otev\u0159e, zadejte <code>sudo su<\/code>p\u0159ed stisknut\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy \u201eEnter\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-09-47-29-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"924\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Stisknut\u00ed kl\u00e1vesy &#8216;Enter&#8217; zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee Mint po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o va\u0161e heslo. Zadejte jej tedy a znovu stiskn\u011bte kl\u00e1vesu \u201eEnter\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"478\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-09-50-30-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"850\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1te opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatele root. <code>apt install sudo<\/code>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te distribuci zalo\u017eenou na Debianu, napi\u0161te a stiskn\u011bte kl\u00e1vesu &#8216;Enter&#8217;. Pro Arch Linux je p\u0159\u00edkaz <code>pacman -S sudo<\/code>.Pro distribuce zalo\u017een\u00e9 na RHEL pou\u017eijte <code>yum install sudo<\/code>.Pro Gentoo zadejte <code>emerge --ask app-admin\/sudo<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"476\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-10-03-57-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"846\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00edm se nainstaluje sudo bal\u00ed\u010dek do syst\u00e9mu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je ji\u017e nainstalov\u00e1n, obdr\u017e\u00edte zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 tot\u00e9\u017e ozna\u010duje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"460\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-10-05-02-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"817\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e1le napi\u0161te a <code>usermod -aG sudo<\/code>za n\u00edm sv\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no p\u0159idejte sv\u016fj u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det do skupiny sudo a stiskn\u011bte kl\u00e1vesu &#8216;Enter&#8217;. P\u0159\u00edkaz pro syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Arch, Fedora a RHEL je <code>usermod -aG wheel username<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"452\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-10-10-05-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"803\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Uvid\u00edte, \u017ee va\u0161e u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no do skupiny sudo, co\u017e v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bt p\u0159\u00edkazy sudo bez chyby \u201eSudo: P\u0159\u00edkaz nenalezen\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"487\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-10-13-47-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"865\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Nyn\u00ed v\u0161e, co mus\u00edte ud\u011blat, je zadat <code>exit<\/code>do termin\u00e1lu a stisknout kl\u00e1vesu \u201eEnter\u201c pro p\u0159epnut\u00ed zp\u011bt na v\u00e1\u0161 b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"464\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-10-30-00-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"825\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"2-add-sudo-to-the-path-variable\">2. P\u0159idejte Sudo do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 Path<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud je sudo na va\u0161em syst\u00e9mu Linux nainstalov\u00e1no, ale nefunguje, zde je n\u00e1vod, jak jej p\u0159idat do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PATH.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Otev\u0159ete termin\u00e1l a zadejte <code>which sudo<\/code>p\u0159ed stisknut\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy \u201eEnter\u201c. To v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017ee, kde se sudo nach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"373\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/03-4-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"663\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e1le zadejte <code>echo $PATH<\/code>a znovu stiskn\u011bte kl\u00e1vesu \u201eEnter\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"370\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/04-3-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"658\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Chcete-li p\u0159idat sudo do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PATH, napi\u0161te <code>export PATH=$PATH:\/usr\/bin<\/code>a stiskn\u011bte kl\u00e1vesu &#8216;Enter&#8217;. Jedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po zav\u0159en\u00ed termin\u00e1lu p\u0159estane fungovat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"370\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/05-3-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"657\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Chcete-li tomu zabr\u00e1nit, otev\u0159ete prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d soubor\u016f, kter\u00fd se ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed otev\u0159e ve va\u0161em domovsk\u00e9m adres\u00e1\u0159i. Pomoc\u00ed zkratky <code>Ctrl + H<\/code>zobraz\u00edte skryt\u00e9 soubory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"541\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-16-09-25-1-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"962\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Vyhledejte. bashrc a dvakr\u00e1t na n\u011bj klikn\u011bte. Otev\u0159e se v textov\u00e9m editoru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"541\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-16-09-25-2-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"962\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159ejd\u011bte na konec souboru a zadejte <code>export PATH=$PATH:usr\/bin:<\/code>p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm <code>Ctrl + O<\/code>z\u00e1stupce k ulo\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"370\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-at-2024-04-25-16-39-41-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"658\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e pou\u017eijete \u201esudo\u201c pro jak\u00e9koli p\u0159\u00edkazy, jako je instalace, aktualizace nebo odebr\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed, nenaraz\u00edte na chybu \u201ep\u0159\u00edkaz nenalezen\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch oprav m\u016f\u017eete snadno opravit chybu \u201eSudo: P\u0159\u00edkaz nenalezen\u201c v syst\u00e9mu Linux. P\u0159i p\u0159echodu na u\u017eivatele root v\u0161ak bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed akc\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tohoto u\u017eivatele, proto\u017ee u\u017eivatel root m\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k cel\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 u\u017eivatel root, m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit v\u00e1\u0161 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a mo\u017en\u00e1 jej budete muset zcela p\u0159einstalovat. Proto doporu\u010dujeme p\u0159ej\u00edt zp\u011bt ke sv\u00e9mu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dtu, jakmile jej p\u0159id\u00e1te do skupiny sudo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linuxov\u00e9 distribuce maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u00faplnou bezpe\u010dnost a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Mezi nimi jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed m\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det v opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Linux omezen\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt ur\u010dit\u00e9 administrativn\u00ed akce, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch soubor\u016f. V Linuxu m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[204,126],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-linux","tag-microsoft"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1786,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions\/1786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}