{"id":5929,"date":"2024-12-02T10:38:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T10:38:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/?p=5929"},"modified":"2024-12-02T10:38:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T10:38:46","slug":"stepbystep-guide-to-edit-the-hosts-file-on-windows-mac-and-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/stepbystep-guide-to-edit-the-hosts-file-on-windows-mac-and-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Podrobn\u00fd pr\u016fvodce \u00fapravou souboru Hosts v syst\u00e9mech Windows, Mac a Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00daprava souboru hostitele je mocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt syst\u00e9m n\u00e1zv\u016f dom\u00e9n (DNS) pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dom\u00e9ny na va\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161eho webu bez \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zm\u011bn do \u017eiv\u00e9ho odkazu s povolen\u00fdm SSL.<\/p>\n

Po proveden\u00ed zm\u011bn DNS je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 potvrdit, \u017ee v\u0161echny aliasov\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny funguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Kdy\u017e uprav\u00edte soubor va\u0161eho hostitele, v\u00e1\u0161 m\u00edstn\u00ed syst\u00e9m bude odkazovat na ur\u010denou adresu internetov\u00e9ho protokolu (IP), kterou zad\u00e1te.<\/p>\n

U\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou pova\u017eovat proces \u00fapravy souboru hostitele za pon\u011bkud matouc\u00ed kv\u016fli rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka m\u00e1 za c\u00edl objasnit tyto kroky pro u\u017eivatele Windows, Mac a Linux, co\u017e v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed snadno upravovat soubor va\u0161eho hostitele. Poj\u010fme se pono\u0159it!<\/p>\n

Jak upravit soubor Hosts v syst\u00e9mech Windows, Mac a Linux<\/h2>\n

Chcete-li upravit soubor sv\u00e9ho hostitele, postupujte podle n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch stru\u010dn\u00fdch krok\u016f:<\/p>\n

1. \u00daprava souboru Hosts ve Windows 10, 11, 8.1 a 7<\/h3>\n

A\u010dkoli se \u00faprava souboru hostitel\u016f syst\u00e9mu Windows m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t slo\u017eit\u00e1, lze ji zvl\u00e1dnout pomoc\u00ed jasn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny kroky, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st, spolu s u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdmi vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmi prvky:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed programu Pozn\u00e1mkov\u00fd blok jako spr\u00e1vce:<\/strong> Otev\u0159ete nab\u00eddku Start<\/strong> , zadejte \u201ePozn\u00e1mkov\u00fd blok\u201c, klikn\u011bte prav\u00fdm tla\u010d\u00edtkem my\u0161i a vyberte mo\u017enost Spustit jako spr\u00e1vce<\/strong> .<\/li>\n
  2. Otev\u0159ete soubor:<\/strong> Klepn\u011bte na kartu Soubor<\/strong> a pot\u00e9 klepn\u011bte na Otev\u0159\u00edt<\/strong> .<\/li>\n
  3. P\u0159ejd\u011bte do souboru Hosts:<\/strong> Zadejte cestu: c:\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts<\/code>.<\/li>\n
  4. Vybrat v\u0161echny soubory:<\/strong> V prav\u00e9m doln\u00edm rohu dialogov\u00e9ho okna Otev\u0159\u00edt nastavte typ souboru na V\u0161echny soubory,<\/strong> aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vhodn\u011b upravit soubor hostitel\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2. \u00daprava souboru Hosts v syst\u00e9mu Linux<\/h3>\n

    Tato sekce je p\u0159izp\u016fsobena u\u017eivatel\u016fm Ubuntu nebo jin\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed Linuxu. \u00dapravu souboru hosts lze prov\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es termin\u00e1l. Postupujte takto:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Otev\u0159ete Termin\u00e1l:<\/strong> Najd\u011bte jej v \u010d\u00e1sti Aplikace > N\u00e1stroje > Termin\u00e1l<\/strong> .<\/li>\n
    • P\u0159\u00edstup k souboru Hosts:<\/strong> Pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00edkaz: sudo vim \/etc\/hosts<\/code>.<\/li>\n
    • Upravit a ulo\u017eit:<\/strong> Upravte pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 polo\u017eky. Abyste zajistili ulo\u017een\u00ed va\u0161ich \u00faprav, nezapome\u0148te tento p\u0159\u00edkaz pou\u017e\u00edt 0.0.0.0 server.domain.com<\/code>p\u0159ed zav\u0159en\u00edm termin\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Pokud chcete zm\u011bnit nastaven\u00ed sv\u00e9ho jmenn\u00e9ho serveru, m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee soubor hosts obvykle obch\u00e1z\u00ed standardn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed DNS. Zm\u011bny v\u0161ak lze prov\u00e9st prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jin\u00e9ho konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru, nsswitch.conf<\/kbd><\/strong>, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje, jak v\u00e1\u0161 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159eklady IP adres. Pro potvrzen\u00ed jeho konfigurace pou\u017eijte:<\/p>\n

      cat \/etc\/nsswitch.conf<\/code><\/p>\n

      Zajist\u011bte, aby se polo\u017eka soubory<\/strong> objevila jako prvn\u00ed v sekci hostitel\u016f. Pokud ne, upravte soubor pomoc\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      sudo vim \/etc\/nsswitch.conf<\/code><\/p>\n

      3. \u00daprava souboru Hosts v syst\u00e9mu macOS<\/h3>\n

      Proces pro macOS je podobn\u00fd jako u Linuxu. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt Termin\u00e1l pro \u00fapravy. Zde jsou kroky, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed termin\u00e1lu:<\/strong> P\u0159ejd\u011bte p\u0159es Finder > Aplikace > N\u00e1stroje > Termin\u00e1l<\/strong> .<\/li>\n
      • Otev\u0159ete soubor Hosts:<\/strong> Zadejte p\u0159\u00edkaz: sudo nano \/private\/etc\/hosts<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • V\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m bude vy\u017eadovat va\u0161e heslo \u2013 zadejte stejn\u00e9 heslo, jak\u00e9 jste pou\u017eili pro p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n
      • Upravte opatrn\u011b:<\/strong> Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee IP adresa p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zvu dom\u00e9ny. Pokud se vyskytnou n\u011bjak\u00e9 chyby, m\u016f\u017eete je okomentovat pomoc\u00ed #<\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Po \u00faprav\u00e1ch ulo\u017ete zm\u011bny stisknut\u00edm Command<\/kbd>+O<\/kbd><\/strong> a ukon\u010dete pomoc\u00ed Command<\/kbd>+X<\/kbd><\/strong> .<\/p>\n

        Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u00faprava souboru hosts v syst\u00e9mech Windows, Linux a macOS m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161it va\u0161e procesy v\u00fdvoje webu a testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00e1m tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka objasnila proces. Pokud m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 dotazy nebo pot\u0159ebujete dal\u0161\u00ed pomoc, nev\u00e1hejte zanechat koment\u00e1\u0159 n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u00daprava souboru hostitele je mocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt syst\u00e9m n\u00e1zv\u016f dom\u00e9n (DNS) pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dom\u00e9ny na va\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161eho webu bez \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zm\u011bn do \u017eiv\u00e9ho odkazu s povolen\u00fdm SSL. Po proveden\u00ed zm\u011bn DNS je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 potvrdit, \u017ee v\u0161echny aliasov\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny funguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Kdy\u017e uprav\u00edte soubor va\u0161eho hostitele, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[204,13,5],"class_list":["post-5929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-linux","tag-macos","tag-windows"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5929"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5930,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5929\/revisions\/5930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}