{"id":7227,"date":"2025-01-15T16:52:46","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T16:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/?p=7227"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:52:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T16:52:46","slug":"exploring-the-unique-history-of-desktop-math-coprocessors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/exploring-the-unique-history-of-desktop-math-coprocessors\/","title":{"rendered":"Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 historie stoln\u00edch matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Shrnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Matematick\u00e9 koprocesory zp\u016fsobily revoluci ve v\u00fdkonu CPU vyu\u017eit\u00edm specializovan\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch pro matematick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/li>\n<li>Inovativn\u00ed modely, jako je Intel 8087, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily mo\u017enosti osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a umo\u017enily jim prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazeny pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnosti jako Cyrix se uk\u00e1zaly jako impozantn\u00ed soupe\u0159i v ar\u00e9n\u011b matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f a zpochybnili dominanci Intelu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 CPU a GPU dovedn\u011b bez probl\u00e9m\u016f zvl\u00e1dnou jak\u00e9koli matematick\u00e9 operace. V rod\u00edc\u00ed se dob\u011b osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v\u0161ak u\u017eivatel\u00e9 n\u011bkdy pot\u0159ebovali za\u010dlenit dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dip \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako matematick\u00fd koprocesor \u2013 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-math-coprocessor\">Co p\u0159esn\u011b je matematick\u00fd koprocesor?<\/h2>\n<p>Matematick\u00fd koprocesor, b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako FPU (Floating Point Unit), je specializovan\u00fd mikroprocesor ur\u010den\u00fd ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti a p\u0159esnosti matematick\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f pro CPU, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Intel 80387SX slou\u017e\u00ed jako matematick\u00fd koprocesor pro CPU 80386SX.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud byste si po\u0159\u00eddili po\u010d\u00edta\u010d 80386SX a pozd\u011bji \u010delili pot\u0159eb\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00fdch matematick\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed 80387SX do ur\u010den\u00e9 patice z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky by poskytlo podstatn\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed operac\u00ed s pohyblivou \u0159\u00e1dovou \u010d\u00e1rkou.<\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn &#8220;plovouc\u00ed desetinn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1rka&#8221; se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch desetinn\u00e9 hodnoty, na rozd\u00edl od &#8220;celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9&#8221; matematiky, kter\u00e1 je omezena na cel\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. V\u00fdpo\u010dty s pohyblivou \u0159\u00e1dovou \u010d\u00e1rkou jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro p\u0159esnost a jsou nezbytn\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, jako je v\u011bda a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Dnes jsou z\u00e1kladem mnoha softwarov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti her, generuj\u00ed term\u00edny jako gigaflop a teraflop, kde \u201eFLOP\u201c znamen\u00e1 \u201eoperaci s pohyblivou \u0159\u00e1dovou \u010d\u00e1rkou\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Koprocesory nebyly omezeny pouze na v\u00fdpo\u010dty s pohyblivou \u0159\u00e1dovou \u010d\u00e1rkou; Usnadnily tak\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu a zvl\u00e1dly vstupn\u00ed\/v\u00fdstupn\u00ed (I\/O) \u00falohy mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi komponentami po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed CPU sice dok\u00e1zalo tyto funkce spravovat, \u010dasto v\u0161ak postr\u00e1dalo efektivitu p\u0159i jejich prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-birth-of-the-desktop-math-coprocessor\">Geneze stoln\u00edch matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"IBM PC 5150 spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed na pracovn\u00edm stole\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"417\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/benj_ibm_pc_workbench.webp\" title=\"IBM PC 5150 spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed na pracovn\u00edm stole\" width=\"650\"\/><figcaption><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vintagecomputing.com\">Benj Edwards<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A\u010dkoli koncept specializovan\u00fdch procesor\u016f pro odli\u0161n\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 funkce p\u0159evl\u00e1dal v oblasti s\u00e1lov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a minipo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, stal se pozoruhodn\u00fdm rysem dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky a\u017e koncem 70. a za\u010d\u00e1tkem 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Krajina dom\u00e1c\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f byla v t\u00e9to dob\u011b st\u00e1le v plenk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ikonick\u00fdm ran\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem matematick\u00e9ho koprocesoru byl Intel 8087, p\u0159edstaven\u00fd v roce 1980 jako voliteln\u00e9 vylep\u0161en\u00ed procesor\u016f Intel 8086 a 8088, kter\u00e9 poh\u00e1n\u011bly inaugura\u010dn\u00ed osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de IBM. Tato inovace umo\u017enila i z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stoln\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve vy\u017eadovaly dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Ostatn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci brzy n\u00e1sledovali se sv\u00fdmi nab\u00eddkami; Motorola nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edstavila 68881, navr\u017een\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 procesory \u0159ady 68000, kter\u00fd vybavil ran\u00e9 modely po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple Macintosh a Amiga.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-rise-of-third-party-math-coprocessors\">Vznik matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f t\u0159et\u00edch stran<\/h2>\n<p>Otev\u0159en\u00fd koprocesorov\u00fd socket dostupn\u00fd v dom\u00e1c\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch se stal l\u00e1kavou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kterou n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nemohly p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. Cyrix byl mezi pr\u016fkopn\u00edky a uvedl na trh sv\u016fj Cyrix FasMath 83D87 a 83S87, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamnou konkurenci mo\u017enost\u00ed koprocesor\u016f Intel. To znamenalo za\u010d\u00e1tek sporn\u00e9 historie, kdy se Cyrix \u010dasto dostal do sporu s Intelem, co\u017e vyvrcholilo pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrobou jeho CPU, v\u010detn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e9ho 6x86MX.<\/p>\n<p>Mezit\u00edm se objevily specializovan\u00e9 koprocesory, kter\u00e9 excelovaly ve specifick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekdot.com\/weitek-abacus-fpu\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Weitek Abacus FPU<\/a> , vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pokro\u010dil\u00fdm softwarem jako Autodesk Renderman pro 3D navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouho p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem vyhrazen\u00fdch GPU.<\/p>\n<p>Koncem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let \u00e9ra samostatn\u00e9ho koprocesoru z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pominula. Modern\u00ed CPU a GPU nyn\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty s plovouc\u00ed desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou v r\u00e1mci integrovan\u00fdch procesorov\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit mnoha procesory \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016fj notebook se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit 24 procesory, kter\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v d\u011bdictv\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technice.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. Jakou roli hraje matematick\u00fd koprocesor v modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco matematick\u00e9 koprocesory byly kdysi nezbytn\u00e9, modern\u00ed CPU a GPU jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby efektivn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bly slo\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, ani\u017e by pot\u0159ebovaly samostatn\u00e9 \u010dipy. Pochopen\u00ed historick\u00e9 role matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f v\u0161ak poskytuje cenn\u00fd kontext pro dne\u0161n\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Mohu dnes je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat matematick\u00e9 koprocesory?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee matematick\u00e9 koprocesory nejsou kompatibiln\u00ed s modern\u00edmi v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my, proto\u017ee byly navr\u017eeny pro specifick\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed architektury. V\u011bt\u0161ina funkc\u00ed byla asimilov\u00e1na do sou\u010dasn\u00fdch CPU a GPU.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. Jak matematick\u00e9 koprocesory zm\u011bnily prost\u0159ed\u00ed osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Matematick\u00e9 koprocesory umo\u017e\u0148ovaly osobn\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazeny pro v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Tato dostupnost podn\u00edtila r\u016fst v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech a p\u0159isp\u011bla k v\u00fdvoji desktopov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v multifunk\u010dn\u00ed stroje, na kter\u00e9 dnes spol\u00e9h\u00e1me.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"xiaomi\" href=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/the-quirky-history-of-math-coprocessors\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Zdroj a obr\u00e1zky<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shrnut\u00ed Matematick\u00e9 koprocesory zp\u016fsobily revoluci ve v\u00fdkonu CPU vyu\u017eit\u00edm specializovan\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch pro matematick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Inovativn\u00ed modely, jako je Intel 8087, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily mo\u017enosti osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a umo\u017enily jim prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazeny pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Spole\u010dnosti jako Cyrix se uk\u00e1zaly jako impozantn\u00ed soupe\u0159i v ar\u00e9n\u011b matematick\u00fdch koprocesor\u016f a zpochybnili dominanci Intelu. V [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[902,915,5],"class_list":["post-7227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-computer-history","tag-history","tag-windows"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7228,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7227\/revisions\/7228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}