{"id":4702,"date":"2024-10-17T08:55:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T08:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/?p=4702"},"modified":"2024-10-17T08:55:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T08:55:18","slug":"a-complete-guide-to-using-solver-in-excel-for-problem-solving","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/a-complete-guide-to-using-solver-in-excel-for-problem-solving\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u0161samus vadovas, kaip naudoti Solver programoje \u201eExcel\u201c problemoms spr\u0119sti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eMicrosoft Excel\u201c yra \u012fvairi\u0173 funkcij\u0173, kurios supaprastina skai\u010diavim\u0173 ir lyg\u010di\u0173 sprendimo proces\u0105, taip padidindamos produktyvum\u0105. Viena i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 funkcij\u0173 yra Solver \u012frankis, pana\u0161us \u012f tikslo paie\u0161kos funkcij\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Paprastai naudojama \u201eKas b\u016bt\u0173, jei\u201c analizei, \u201eSolver\u201c leid\u017eia vartotojams nustatyti konkretaus langelio vert\u0119, esant daugeliui apribojim\u0173. Jis gali b\u016bti naudojamas norint nustatyti konkre\u010di\u0105 vert\u0119, ma\u017eiausi\u0105 slenkst\u012f arba did\u017eiausi\u0105 skai\u010diaus rib\u0105. Nors jis gali i\u0161spr\u0119sti ne visas problemas, Solver yra ne\u012fkainojamas \u0161altinis optimizuojant scenarijus, kai labai svarbu rasti geriausi\u0105 \u012fmanom\u0105 sprendim\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160is \u012frankis veikia koreguodamas konkre\u010di\u0173 langeli\u0173, vadinam\u0173 sprendimo kintamaisiais, reik\u0161mes skai\u010diuokl\u0117je, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima nustatyti did\u017eiausi\u0105 arba ma\u017eiausi\u0105 kito langelio, vadinamo objektyviuoju langeliu, reik\u0161m\u0119. Solver tinka \u012fvairiems programavimo tipams, \u012fskaitant tiesin\u012f ir nelinijin\u012f programavim\u0105, sveik\u0173j\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173 programavim\u0105 ir tikslo siekimo u\u017eduotis.<\/p>\n<p>\u012eprastos \u201eSolver\u201c programos apima transportavimo i\u0161laid\u0173 suma\u017einim\u0105, optimali\u0173 darbo grafik\u0173 sudarym\u0105, geriausio biud\u017eeto sudarym\u0105 reklamos iniciatyvoms arba investicij\u0173 gr\u0105\u017eos didinim\u0105.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"adding-solver-to-excel\">\u201eSolver\u201c aktyvinimas programoje \u201eExcel\u201c.<\/h2>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami prad\u0117ti naudoti Solver, pirmiausia turite \u012fgalinti \u0161\u012f pried\u0105, nes jis n\u0117ra aktyvuotas pagal numatytuosius nustatymus, kaip tikslo paie\u0161kos funkcija. Laimei, procesas yra gana paprastas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prad\u0117kite pasirinkdami meniu Failas ekrano vir\u0161uje, tada spustel\u0117kite \u201eParinktys\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"515\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-210-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"915\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Tada spustel\u0117kite \u201ePriedai\u201c, esant\u012f kair\u0117je parink\u010di\u0173 lango pus\u0117je.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"579\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-211-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"1029\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Dabar apa\u010dioje esan\u010diame i\u0161skleid\u017eiamajame meniu \u201eTvarkyti\u201c pasirinkite \u201eExcel\u201c priedai ir spustel\u0117kite \u201eEiti\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"475\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-212-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"845\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Kitame dialogo lange pa\u017eym\u0117kite langel\u012f \u0161alia \u201eSolver Add-in\u201c, kad j\u012f \u012fjungtum\u0117te, tada paspauskite \u201eGerai\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"465\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-213-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"827\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Dabar \u201eExcel\u201c spustel\u0117j\u0119 skirtuk\u0105 \u201eDuomenys\u201c tur\u0117tum\u0117te pamatyti pasiekiam\u0105 Solver.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"533\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-214-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"947\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"components-of-solver\">Pagrindiniai Solver komponentai<\/h2>\n<p>Kad Solver gal\u0117t\u0173 nustatyti optimali\u0105 bet kokios problemos vert\u0119, turi b\u016bti nustatyti trys pagrindiniai komponentai:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tikslo langelis:<\/strong> \u0161iame langelyje yra formul\u0117, nurodanti problemos tiksl\u0105 arba tiksl\u0105, nesvarbu, ar reikia suma\u017einti, padidinti ar pasiekti tam tikr\u0105 reik\u0161m\u0119.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kintam\u0173j\u0173 langeliai:<\/strong> \u0161iose l\u0105stel\u0117se yra kintamieji, kuriuos Solver pakoreguos, kad pasiekt\u0173 tiksl\u0105. \u201eSolver\u201c galima priskirti daugiausia 200 kintam\u0173j\u0173 langeli\u0173.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apribojimai:<\/strong> Apribojimai yra parametrai, pagal kuriuos Solver turi veikti, kad pasiekt\u0173 norim\u0105 rezultat\u0105. Jie apibr\u0117\u017eia s\u0105lygas, kurios turi b\u016bti \u012fvykdytos nustatant reikiamas vertes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"using-solver\">Solver taikymas<\/h2>\n<p>Kai Solver bus prid\u0117tas prie \u201eExcel\u201c, gal\u0117site j\u012f naudoti. \u0160iame pavyzdyje panaudosime \u201eSolver\u201c, kad apskai\u010diuotume pad\u0117kl\u0173 gamybos verslo peln\u0105 pagal \u017einomas i\u0161tekli\u0173 vertes, pvz., vienam pad\u0117klui reikalingus i\u0161teklius ir skirting\u0173 pad\u0117kl\u0173 tip\u0173 prieinamum\u0105.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Langeliuose nuo B3 iki E3 pateikiami \u012fvairi\u0173 tip\u0173 pad\u0117klai, kuriuos \u012fmon\u0117 turi gaminti. Tiesiogiai \u017eemiau esan\u010dioje eilut\u0117je nurodomas kiekvieno tipo pad\u0117kl\u0173 skai\u010dius, inicijuotas nuliu. Tolesn\u0117je eilut\u0117je i\u0161samiai apra\u0161omas pelnas, susietas su kiekvienu pad\u0117kl\u0173 tipu. M\u016bs\u0173 tikslas yra nustatyti, kiek pad\u0117kl\u0173 pagaminti kiekvienai r\u016b\u0161iai, o bendras pelnas rodomas langelyje F5. Apribojimai \u010dia yra turimi i\u0161tekliai, nulemiantys, kiek pad\u0117kl\u0173 \u012fmon\u0117 gali pagaminti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"451\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-243-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"802\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Nor\u0117dami prad\u0117ti, spustel\u0117kite vir\u0161utiniame de\u0161iniajame kampe esant\u012f \u201eSolver\u201c, kuris atvers dialogo lang\u0105 \u201eSpr\u0119stuvas\u201c. \u012eveskite tikslo langelio pavadinim\u0105 arba langelio nuorod\u0105 ir \u012fsitikinkite, kad jame yra formul\u0117. \u0160iame scenarijuje \u201eCell F5\u201c yra tikslin\u0117 funkcija, kuri duoda bendr\u0105 peln\u0105 u\u017e visus pad\u0117kl\u0173 tipus kartu, atsi\u017evelgiant ir \u012f turimus i\u0161teklius, ir \u012f gaminamus pad\u0117klus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"525\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-244-1-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"933\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Lauke \u201eKei\u010diant kintamuosius\u201c pasirinkite diapazon\u0105 B4:E4, vilkdami pel\u0119 arba tiesiogiai \u012fvesdami langeli\u0173 pavadinimus. \u0160iose l\u0105stel\u0117se nurodomas pad\u0117kl\u0173 skai\u010dius pagal tip\u0105 ir \u0161iuo metu yra nulis. Solver pakoreguos \u0161ias reik\u0161mes vykdymo metu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"525\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-245-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"933\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Tada spustel\u0117kite mygtuk\u0105 \u201ePrid\u0117ti\u201c, kad \u012fvestum\u0117te apribojimus. \u201eSolver\u201c apskai\u010diuos, kiek pad\u0117kl\u0173 \u012fmon\u0117 gali pagaminti, atsi\u017evelgdama \u012f turimas med\u017eiagas, tokias kaip klijai, presavimas, pu\u0161ies dro\u017el\u0117s ir \u0105\u017euolo dro\u017el\u0117s. Steb\u0117site reik\u0161mes stulpelyje \u201eNaudota\u201c, kurios \u0161iuo metu yra nulin\u0117s ir pasikeis, kai vykdysite Solver.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"525\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-246-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"933\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u012eveskite F8:F11 stulpeliui \u201eL\u0105stel\u0117s nuoroda\u201c, kuris atitinka stulpel\u012f \u201eNaudota\u201c, ir G8:G11, jei norite nurodyti stulpel\u012f \u201ePrieinamas\u201c, esan\u010diame lauke Apribojimas. \u012esitikinkite, kad ry\u0161ys nustatytas <code>&lt;=<\/code>pagal numatytuosius nustatymus, nurodant, kad reik\u0161m\u0117s stulpelyje Naudota turi b\u016bti ma\u017eesn\u0117s arba lygios esan\u010dioms stulpelyje Galimi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"438\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-247-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"778\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u012eved\u0119 visus kintamuosius ir apribojimus, dialogo lange \u201ePrid\u0117ti apribojim\u0105\u201c dar kart\u0105 spustel\u0117kite \u201ePrid\u0117ti\u201c ir u\u017edarykite. Taip pat pasteb\u0117site, kad parinktis \u201ePadaryti neapribotus kintamuosius neneigiamus\u201c yra \u012fjungta pagal numatytuosius nustatymus dialogo lange \u201eSolver Parameters\u201c, u\u017etikrinant, kad visi kintamieji likt\u0173 neneigiami, net jei konkret\u016bs apribojimai nenustatyti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"438\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-248-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"778\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>\u012eved\u0119 \u012fra\u0161us dialogo lange Solver Parameters, spustel\u0117kite mygtuk\u0105 \u201eSpr\u0119sti\u201c ir palaukite, kol \u201eExcel\u201c pateiks rezultatus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"570\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-252-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"1014\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Kai rezultatai bus sugeneruoti, pasirodys dialogo langas Sprendimo rezultatai, kuriame bus parodytos naujos reik\u0161m\u0117s langeliuose B4\u2013E4. Atminkite, kad Solver kei\u010dia j\u016bs\u0173 duomenis; jei norite gr\u012f\u017eti prie pradini\u0173 ver\u010di\u0173, galite pasirinkti parinkt\u012f \u201eAtkurti pradines reik\u0161mes\u201c. Nusprend\u0119, ar palikti sprendim\u0105, ar gr\u012f\u017eti prie pradini\u0173 duomen\u0173, \u012fsitikinkite, kad de\u0161in\u0117je pa\u017eym\u0117tas \u201eAtsakymas\u201c, tada spustel\u0117kite \u201eGerai\u201c, kad i\u0161eitum\u0117te i\u0161 dialogo lango.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"470\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-255-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"835\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Jei pasirinksite pasilikti nauj\u0105 sprendim\u0105, jis atsispind\u0117s j\u016bs\u0173 skai\u010diuokl\u0117je u\u017edarius dialogo lang\u0105 Sprendimas. Bendrov\u0117s produkcij\u0105 sudarys 23 \u201eTahoe\u201c pad\u0117klai, 15 \u201ePacific\u201c pad\u0117klai, 39 \u201eSavannah\u201c pad\u0117klai ir n\u0117 vienas \u201eAspen\u201c pad\u0117klas, kuris bus nurodytas Pad\u0117kl\u0173 eilut\u0117je nuo B4 iki D4. Be to, bendras pelno langelis bus atnaujintas nuo nulio iki 58 800 USD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"455\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-343-1.webp\" title=\"\" width=\"809\"\/><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"things-to-know\">Svarb\u016bs svarstymai<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Kaip ir \u201eExcel\u201c tikslo paie\u0161kos funkcija, \u201eSolver\u201c reikalauja i\u0161 anksto nustatyti reikiamas formules, kad ji tinkamai veikt\u0173.<\/li>\n<li>Problem\u0173 sprendimo metod\u0105 galite paveikti pasirinkdami mygtuk\u0105 \u201eParinktys\u201c dialogo lange \u201eSpr\u0119stojo parametrai\u201c, kuriame galite nurodyti \u201eVis\u0173 metod\u0173\u201c, \u201eGRG Netiesinio\u201c ir \u201eEvoliucinio\u201c reik\u0161mes.<\/li>\n<li>Be to, Solver leid\u017eia i\u0161saugoti ir \u012fkelti modelius v\u0117lesniam naudojimui. \u012ekeldami esamus modelius, \u012fsitikinkite, kad \u012fved\u0117te nuorod\u0105 visam langeli\u0173 diapazonui, susijusiam su nagrin\u0117jama problema.<\/li>\n<li>Naudojant Solver patartina dirbti su duomen\u0173 kopija, nes ji pakei\u010dia pradinius duomenis, kai jie bus vykdomi, o atlikus pakeitimus t\u0173 duomen\u0173 gali b\u016bti ne\u012fmanoma atkurti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"xiaomi\" href=\"https:\/\/allthings.how\/how-to-use-solver-in-excel\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160altinis<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eMicrosoft Excel\u201c yra \u012fvairi\u0173 funkcij\u0173, kurios supaprastina skai\u010diavim\u0173 ir lyg\u010di\u0173 sprendimo proces\u0105, taip padidindamos produktyvum\u0105. Viena i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 funkcij\u0173 yra Solver \u012frankis, pana\u0161us \u012f tikslo paie\u0161kos funkcij\u0105. Paprastai naudojama \u201eKas b\u016bt\u0173, jei\u201c analizei, \u201eSolver\u201c leid\u017eia vartotojams nustatyti konkretaus langelio vert\u0119, esant daugeliui apribojim\u0173. Jis gali b\u016bti naudojamas norint nustatyti konkre\u010di\u0105 vert\u0119, ma\u017eiausi\u0105 slenkst\u012f arba did\u017eiausi\u0105 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[56,123,282],"class_list":["post-4702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-apps","tag-microsoft","tag-microsoft-excel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4703,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4702\/revisions\/4703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}