{"id":5450,"date":"2024-11-13T07:18:47","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/?p=5450"},"modified":"2024-11-13T07:18:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:18:47","slug":"monitoring-and-managing-linux-system-resources-using-terminal-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/monitoring-and-managing-linux-system-resources-using-terminal-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eLinux\u201c sistemos i\u0161tekli\u0173 steb\u0117jimas ir valdymas naudojant terminalo komandas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u016bdami Linux naujokas, galite b\u016bti maloniai nustebinti su\u017einoj\u0119, kad beveik visus sistemos i\u0161teklius galima valdyti naudojant paprastas terminalo komandas. U\u017euot nar\u0161\u0119 \u012fvairius nustatym\u0173 meniu ir valdymo skydelius, papras\u010diausiai \u012fved\u0119 komand\u0105 galite akimirksniu su\u017einoti apie j\u016bs\u0173 sistemos i\u0161tekli\u0173 naudojim\u0105. Toliau nagrin\u0117jame pagrindines komandas, kurios \u012fgalina efektyviai pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti Linux \u012frenginio i\u0161teklius.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"view-running-processes\">1. Veikimo proces\u0173 ap\u017evalga<\/h2>\n<p>Norint efektyviai steb\u0117ti vykdomus procesus, <code>top<\/code>komanda yra ne\u012fkainojama priemon\u0117. Veikiantis pana\u0161iai kaip \u201eWindows\u201c u\u017eduo\u010di\u0173 tvarkytuv\u0117, <code>top<\/code>tiesiogiai rodo i\u0161tekli\u0173 suvartojim\u0105, \u012fskaitant procesoriaus ir RAM naudojim\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>Paleiskite terminal\u0105 ir \u012fveskite, <code>top<\/code>kad realiuoju laiku per\u017ei\u016br\u0117tum\u0117te sistemos na\u0161umo metrikos naujinius.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"Vir\u0161utin\u0117 komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"449\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-221-1.webp\" title=\"Vir\u0161utin\u0117 komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"798\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"enhanced-process-viewing\">2. Patobulintas proces\u0173 steb\u0117jimas su htop<\/h2>\n<p>Tiems, kurie ie\u0161ko vizualiai patrauklesnio ir patogesnio varianto, <code>htop<\/code>yra puikus pasirinkimas, i\u0161 anksto \u012fdiegtas daugelyje Linux platinim\u0173. Skirtingai nuo pagrindinio <code>top<\/code>, <code>htop<\/code>i\u0161tekli\u0173 naudojim\u0105 pateikia grafi\u0161kai, su spalvingais indikatoriais ir tinkinamomis r\u016b\u0161iavimo parinktimis, tokiomis kaip procesoriaus ar atminties prioritet\u0173 nustatymas.<\/p>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami j\u012f pasiekti, tiesiog \u012fveskite <code>htop<\/code>terminal\u0105. Jei <code>htop<\/code>ne\u012fdiegta, paleiskite <code>sudo apt install htop<\/code>Ubuntu arba Debian sistemose, kad prad\u0117tum\u0117te.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"htop komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"479\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-222-1.webp\" title=\"htop komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"852\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"analyzing-network-traffic\">3. I\u0161analizuokite tinklo sraut\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Naudokite <code>tcpdump<\/code>komand\u0105, kad patikrintum\u0117te tinklo sraut\u0105, susijus\u012f su konkre\u010diomis programomis ar paslaugomis. \u0160i komanda leid\u017eia rinkti duomenis apie perduotus baitus, veikian\u010dius protokolus, taip pat \u0161altinio ir paskirties IP adresus. <code>tcpdump<\/code>ypa\u010d naudinga diagnozuojant tinklo problemas ir identifikuojant neteis\u0117t\u0105 tinklo veikl\u0105.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"tcpdump komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"456\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-271-1.webp\" title=\"tcpdump komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"811\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"network-information\">4. Per\u017ei\u016br\u0117kite i\u0161sami\u0105 tinklo informacij\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Komanda <code>netstat<\/code>pateikia svarbi\u0105 su tinklu susijusi\u0105 informacij\u0105, \u012fskaitant aktyvius ry\u0161ius, atvirus prievadus ir naudojamus protokolus. \u0160i komanda padeda diagnozuoti tinklo problemas ir u\u017etikrinti, kad nelikt\u0173 atvir\u0173 nereikaling\u0173 prievad\u0173, kurie gali kelti pavoj\u0173 saugumui.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"netstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"452\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-272-1.webp\" title=\"netstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"804\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"check-free-memory\">5. \u012evertinkite laisvos atminties prieinamum\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami nustatyti laisvos atminties kiek\u012f sistemoje, naudokite <code>free<\/code>komand\u0105. \u0160i komanda apib\u016bdina tiek fizin\u0119 RAM, tiek virtuali\u0105j\u0105 atmint\u012f (sukeitimo viet\u0105).<\/p>\n<p>Jei norite, kad i\u0161vestis b\u016bt\u0173 lengviau skaitoma megabaitais arba gigabaitais, \u012fveskite <code>free -h<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"nemokama komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"437\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-223-1.webp\" title=\"nemokama komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"776\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"io-activity-monitoring\">6. Steb\u0117kite I\/O veikl\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f tai, kad visi Linux veiksmai yra susij\u0119 su fail\u0173 s\u0105veika diskuose, <code>iostat<\/code>komanda yra labai svarbi stebint \u012fvesties \/ i\u0161vesties veikl\u0105 kartu su procesoriaus naudojimu tam tikriems procesams.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"iostat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"430\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-273-1.webp\" title=\"iostat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"765\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"virtual-memory-review\">7. Per\u017ei\u016br\u0117kite virtualiosios atminties naudojim\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Linux naudoja virtuali\u0105j\u0105 atmint\u012f visiems procesams, kurie \u0161iuo metu n\u0117ra aktyv\u016bs. Komanda <code>vmstat<\/code>leid\u017eia steb\u0117ti naudojam\u0105 virtuali\u0105 RAM, \u012fskaitant apsikeitimo atmint\u012f, laisv\u0105 atmint\u012f, talpykl\u0105 ir buferius, o tai ypa\u010d naudinga nustatant na\u0161umo kli\u016btis.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"vmstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"403\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-224-1.webp\" title=\"vmstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"717\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"real-time-io-monitoring\">8. Steb\u0117kite realiojo laiko I\/O naudojim\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Norint sekti disko I\/O realiuoju laiku, komanda <code>iotop<\/code>pateikia i\u0161sami\u0105 informacij\u0105 apie jo naudojim\u0105, \u012fskaitant pralaidumo suvartojim\u0105 ir gij\u0173 savininkus.<\/p>\n<p>Jei norite pritaikyti rodinius, naudokite komandas, pvz., <code>iotop -o<\/code>filtruoti gijas, aktyviai atliekan\u010dias \u012fvesties \/ i\u0161vesties operacijas.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"iotop komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"475\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-274-1.webp\" title=\"iotop komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"845\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"disk-space-management\">9. Patikrinkite vietos diske panaudojim\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Linux sistemoje patikrinti vietos diske galima naudojant <code>du<\/code>ir <code>df<\/code>. Komanda <code>du<\/code>pateikia fail\u0173 dyd\u017eius nurodytame kataloge, pvz., <code>du \/usr\/local\/bin<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Komanda <code>df<\/code>atskleid\u017eia turim\u0105 saugykl\u0105 visuose prijungtuose diskuose. Nor\u0117dami pamatyti laisv\u0105 viet\u0105 \u0161akniniame kataloge, naudokite <code>df \/<\/code>ir pagerinkite skaitomum\u0105 naudodami <code>-h<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"df komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"428\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-226-1.webp\" title=\"df komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"761\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"cpu-usage-analysis\">10. I\u0161analizuoti keli\u0173 procesori\u0173 naudojim\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami \u012fvertinti, kaip veikia j\u016bs\u0173 sistemos procesoriai, naudokite <code>mpstat<\/code>komand\u0105. Ji pateikia i\u0161sami\u0105 procesoriaus naudojimo statistik\u0105 ir gali parodyti individual\u0173 branduolio panaudojim\u0105, pridedant laiko interval\u0105, pvz., <code>mpstat -P ALL 5<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"mpstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"427\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-275-1.webp\" title=\"mpstat komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"759\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"open-files-status\">11. Nustatykite atidarytus failus<\/h2>\n<p>Jei failas \u0161iuo metu naudojamas, gali nepavykti atsijungti. Komanda <code>lsof<\/code>padeda nustatyti \u0161iuos failus ir visus susijusius procesus. \u0160i komanda taip pat gali atskleisti tinklo lizdus, \u200b\u200bpadedan\u010dius nustatyti bet kokius neteis\u0117tus ry\u0161ius.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"lsof komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"432\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-228-1.webp\" title=\"lsof komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"768\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"system-performance-monitoring\">12. Steb\u0117kite bendr\u0105 sistemos na\u0161um\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Visi\u0161kai interaktyvi <code>nmon<\/code>komanda leid\u017eia visapusi\u0161kai steb\u0117ti sistemos veikim\u0105, apimant\u012f \u012fvairius i\u0161teklius, svarbiausius procesus, fail\u0173 sistemas, tinklus ir atmint\u012f. Jo interaktyvus pob\u016bdis leid\u017eia greitai pasiekti konkre\u010dius na\u0161umo rodiklius, tiesiog paspaudus nurodytus klavi\u0161us.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"nmon komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"477\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-276-1.webp\" title=\"nmon komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"848\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"uptime-check\">13. Patikrinkite veikimo laik\u0105<\/h2>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami su\u017einoti, kiek laiko j\u016bs\u0173 kompiuteris veik\u0117 nuo paskutinio \u012fkrovimo, naudokite komand\u0105 <code>uptime<\/code>, kuri nurodo ne tik veikimo trukm\u0119, bet ir esam\u0105 vartotojo apkrov\u0105 bei sistemos apkrovos vidurkius.<\/p>\n<p>\u012eveskite, <code>uptime -s<\/code>jei norite per\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti tiksl\u0173 laik\u0105, kada sistema buvo paskutin\u012f kart\u0105 paleista.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"uptime komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"532\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-230-1.webp\" title=\"uptime komand\u0173 s\u0105saja\" width=\"945\"\/><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"essential-insights\">Esmin\u0117s \u012f\u017evalgos<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Auk\u0161\u010diau pateiktos komandos yra tik dalis \u012franki\u0173, skirt\u0173 efektyviam \u201eLinux\u201c sistemos valdymui; Yra daugyb\u0117 kit\u0173, kurie dar labiau supaprastina \u0161i\u0105 u\u017eduot\u012f.<\/li>\n<li>Nors grafin\u0117s vartotojo s\u0105sajos gali atkartoti daugel\u012f \u0161i\u0173 komand\u0173 funkcij\u0173, komand\u0173 eilut\u0117s operacijos tam tikrais atvejais da\u017enai gali pasirodyti efektyvesn\u0117s ir greitesn\u0117s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"xiaomi\" href=\"https:\/\/allthings.how\/how-to-monitor-and-manage-linux-system-resources-with-terminal-commands\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160altinis ir vaizdai<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u016bdami Linux naujokas, galite b\u016bti maloniai nustebinti su\u017einoj\u0119, kad beveik visus sistemos i\u0161teklius galima valdyti naudojant paprastas terminalo komandas. U\u017euot nar\u0161\u0119 \u012fvairius nustatym\u0173 meniu ir valdymo skydelius, papras\u010diausiai \u012fved\u0119 komand\u0105 galite akimirksniu su\u017einoti apie j\u016bs\u0173 sistemos i\u0161tekli\u0173 naudojim\u0105. Toliau nagrin\u0117jame pagrindines komandas, kurios \u012fgalina efektyviai pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti Linux \u012frenginio i\u0161teklius. 1. Veikimo proces\u0173 ap\u017evalga Norint efektyviai [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[201,810,123],"class_list":["post-5450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-linux","tag-linux-commands","tag-microsoft"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5451,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5450\/revisions\/5451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}