{"id":5503,"date":"2024-11-13T07:19:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/?p=5503"},"modified":"2024-11-13T07:19:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:19:16","slug":"monitoring-and-managing-linux-system-resources-using-terminal-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/monitoring-and-managing-linux-system-resources-using-terminal-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux sist\u0113mas resursu uzraudz\u012bba un p\u0101rvald\u012bba, izmantojot termin\u0101\u013ca komandas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u0101 Linux jaunpien\u0101c\u0113js j\u016bs var\u0113tu b\u016bt pat\u012bkami p\u0101rsteigts, atkl\u0101jot, ka gandr\u012bz visus sist\u0113mas resursus var p\u0101rvald\u012bt, izmantojot vienk\u0101r\u0161as termin\u0101\u013ca komandas. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai p\u0101rvietotos pa da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m iestat\u012bjumu izv\u0113ln\u0113m un vad\u012bbas pane\u013ciem, vienk\u0101r\u0161i ievadot komandu, var ieg\u016bt t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113ju ieskatu sist\u0113mas resursu izmantojum\u0101. T\u0101l\u0101k m\u0113s izp\u0113t\u0101m b\u016btiskas komandas, kas \u013cauj efekt\u012bvi p\u0101rraudz\u012bt Linux datora resursus.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"view-running-processes\">1. Darb\u012bbas procesu p\u0101rskats<\/h2>\n<p>Lai efekt\u012bvi uzraudz\u012btu darb\u012bbas procesus, <code>top<\/code>komanda kalpo k\u0101 nenov\u0113rt\u0113jama lietder\u012bba. Darbojas l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Windows uzdevumu p\u0101rvaldnieks, <code>top<\/code>nodro\u0161ina tie\u0161o resursu pat\u0113ri\u0146a, tostarp CPU un RAM lietojuma, displeju.<\/p>\n<p>Palaidiet savu termin\u0101li un ierakstiet, <code>top<\/code>lai skat\u012btu re\u0101llaika atjaunin\u0101jumus par sist\u0113mas veiktsp\u0113jas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"Aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 komandu saskarne\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"449\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-221-1.webp\" title=\"Aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 komandu saskarne\" width=\"798\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"enhanced-process-viewing\">2. Uzlabota procesa uzraudz\u012bba ar htop<\/h2>\n<p>Tiem, kas mekl\u0113 vizu\u0101li pievilc\u012bg\u0101ku un lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bg\u0101ku iesp\u0113ju, <code>htop<\/code>t\u0101 ir lieliska izv\u0113le, kas ir iepriek\u0161 instal\u0113ta daudzos Linux izplat\u012bjumos. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no pamata <code>top<\/code>, <code>htop<\/code>grafiski par\u0101da resursu izmanto\u0161anu ar kr\u0101sainiem indikatoriem un piel\u0101gojam\u0101m \u0161\u0137iro\u0161anas opcij\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, CPU vai atmi\u0146as priorit\u0101\u0161u noteik\u0161anu.<\/p>\n<p>Vienk\u0101r\u0161i ievadiet <code>htop<\/code>termin\u0101l\u012b, lai tam piek\u013c\u016btu. Ja <code>htop<\/code>tas nav instal\u0113ts, palaidiet <code>sudo apt install htop<\/code>Ubuntu vai Debian sist\u0113m\u0101s, lai s\u0101ktu darbu.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"htop komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"479\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-222-1.webp\" title=\"htop komandu interfeiss\" width=\"852\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"analyzing-network-traffic\">3. Analiz\u0113jiet t\u012bkla trafiku<\/h2>\n<p>Izmantojiet <code>tcpdump<\/code>komandu, lai r\u016bp\u012bgi p\u0101rbaud\u012btu t\u012bkla trafiku, kas saist\u012bta ar konkr\u0113t\u0101m programm\u0101m vai pakalpojumiem. \u0160\u012b komanda \u013cauj apkopot datus par p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012btajiem baitiem, darb\u012bb\u0101 eso\u0161ajiem protokoliem, k\u0101 ar\u012b avota un m\u0113r\u0137a IP adres\u0113m. <code>tcpdump<\/code>ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bga, lai diagnostic\u0113tu t\u012bkla probl\u0113mas un identific\u0113tu nesankcion\u0113tas t\u012bkla darb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"tcpdump komandu saskarne\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"456\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-271-1.webp\" title=\"tcpdump komandu saskarne\" width=\"811\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"network-information\">4. Skatiet visaptvero\u0161u t\u012bkla inform\u0101ciju<\/h2>\n<p>Komanda <code>netstat<\/code>nodro\u0161ina svar\u012bgu ar t\u012bklu saist\u012btu inform\u0101ciju, tostarp akt\u012bvos savienojumus, atv\u0113rtos portus un izmantotos protokolus. \u0160\u012b komanda pal\u012bdz diagnostic\u0113t t\u012bkla probl\u0113mas un nodro\u0161in\u0101t, lai neviens nevajadz\u012bgs ports netiktu atst\u0101ts atv\u0113rts, kas var\u0113tu rad\u012bt dro\u0161\u012bbas riskus.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"netstat komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"452\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-272-1.webp\" title=\"netstat komandu interfeiss\" width=\"804\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"check-free-memory\">5. Nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet br\u012bv\u0101s atmi\u0146as pieejam\u012bbu<\/h2>\n<p>Lai noteiktu j\u016bsu sist\u0113m\u0101 pieejam\u0101s br\u012bv\u0101s atmi\u0146as apjomu, izmantojiet <code>free<\/code>komandu. \u0160\u012b komanda iez\u012bm\u0113 gan fizisko RAM, gan virtu\u0101lo atmi\u0146u (mijmai\u0146as vietu).<\/p>\n<p>Lai ieg\u016btu lab\u0101k las\u0101mu izvadi megabaitos vai gigabaitos, ierakstiet <code>free -h<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"bezmaksas komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"437\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-223-1.webp\" title=\"bezmaksas komandu interfeiss\" width=\"776\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"io-activity-monitoring\">6. P\u0101rraugiet I\/O aktivit\u0101ti<\/h2>\n<p>\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka visas Linux darb\u012bbas ir saist\u012btas ar failu mijiedarb\u012bbu diskos, <code>iostat<\/code>komanda ir \u013coti svar\u012bga, lai uzraudz\u012btu I\/O darb\u012bbas kop\u0101 ar CPU izmanto\u0161anu konkr\u0113tiem procesiem.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"iostat komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"430\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-273-1.webp\" title=\"iostat komandu interfeiss\" width=\"765\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"virtual-memory-review\">7. P\u0101rskatiet virtu\u0101l\u0101s atmi\u0146as lietojumu<\/h2>\n<p>Linux izmanto virtu\u0101lo atmi\u0146u visiem procesiem, kas pa\u0161laik nav akt\u012bvi. Komanda <code>vmstat<\/code>\u013cauj p\u0101rraudz\u012bt izmantoto virtu\u0101lo RAM, tostarp mijmai\u0146as atmi\u0146u, br\u012bvo atmi\u0146u, ke\u0161atmi\u0146u un buferus, kas ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bgi veiktsp\u0113jas v\u0101jo vietu noteik\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"vmstat komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"403\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-224-1.webp\" title=\"vmstat komandu interfeiss\" width=\"717\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"real-time-io-monitoring\">8. P\u0101rraugiet re\u0101llaika I\/O lietojumu<\/h2>\n<p>Lai izsekotu diska I\/O re\u0101llaik\u0101, <code>iotop<\/code>komanda sniedz detaliz\u0113tu inform\u0101ciju par t\u0101s lietojumu, tostarp joslas platuma pat\u0113ri\u0146u un pavedienu \u012bpa\u0161niekiem.<\/p>\n<p>Piel\u0101gotiem skatiem izmantojiet komandas, piem\u0113ram <code>iotop -o<\/code>, lai filtr\u0113tu pavedienus, kas akt\u012bvi veic I\/O darb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"iotop komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"475\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-274-1.webp\" title=\"iotop komandu interfeiss\" width=\"845\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"disk-space-management\">9. P\u0101rbaudiet diska vietas izmantojumu<\/h2>\n<p>Oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101 Linux diska vietas p\u0101rbaudi var veikt, izmantojot <code>du<\/code>un <code>df<\/code>. Komanda <code>du<\/code>nodro\u0161ina faila izm\u0113rus noteikt\u0101 direktorij\u0101, piem\u0113ram, <code>du \/usr\/local\/bin<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Komanda <code>df<\/code>atkl\u0101j pieejamo kr\u0101tuvi visos pievienotajos diskos. Lai skat\u012btu pieejamo vietu saknes direktorij\u0101, izmantojiet <code>df \/<\/code>un uzlabojiet las\u0101m\u012bbu ar <code>-h<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"df komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"428\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-226-1.webp\" title=\"df komandu interfeiss\" width=\"761\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"cpu-usage-analysis\">10. Analiz\u0113jiet vair\u0101ku procesoru lietojumu<\/h2>\n<p>Lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu, k\u0101 darbojas j\u016bsu sist\u0113mas procesori, izmantojiet <code>mpstat<\/code>komandu. Tas nodro\u0161ina detaliz\u0113tu CPU izmanto\u0161anas statistiku un var par\u0101d\u012bt atsevi\u0161\u0137u kodola izmanto\u0161anu, pievienojot laika interv\u0101lu, piem\u0113ram, <code>mpstat -P ALL 5<\/code>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"mpstat komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"427\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-275-1.webp\" title=\"mpstat komandu interfeiss\" width=\"759\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"open-files-status\">11. Identific\u0113jiet atv\u0113rtos failus<\/h2>\n<p>Ja fails pa\u0161laik tiek izmantots, iesp\u0113jams, nevar\u0113sit atteikties. Komanda <code>lsof<\/code>pal\u012bdz identific\u0113t \u0161os failus un visus saist\u012btos procesus. \u0160\u012b komanda var ar\u012b atkl\u0101t t\u012bkla ligzdas, pal\u012bdzot identific\u0113t visus nesankcion\u0113tus savienojumus.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"lsof komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"432\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-228-1.webp\" title=\"lsof komandu interfeiss\" width=\"768\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"system-performance-monitoring\">12. P\u0101rraugiet visp\u0101r\u0113jo sist\u0113mas veiktsp\u0113ju<\/h2>\n<p>Piln\u012bb\u0101 interakt\u012bv\u0101 <code>nmon<\/code>komanda nodro\u0161ina visaptvero\u0161u sist\u0113mas veiktsp\u0113jas uzraudz\u012bbu, aptverot da\u017e\u0101dus resursus, galvenos procesus, failu sist\u0113mas, t\u012bklus un atmi\u0146u. T\u0101 interakt\u012bvais raksturs \u013cauj \u0101tri piek\u013c\u016bt konkr\u0113tiem veiktsp\u0113jas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem, vienk\u0101r\u0161i nospie\u017eot nor\u0101d\u012btos tausti\u0146us.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"nmon komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"477\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-276-1.webp\" title=\"nmon komandu interfeiss\" width=\"848\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"uptime-check\">13. P\u0101rbaudiet darb\u012bbas laiku<\/h2>\n<p>Lai noskaidrotu, cik ilgi j\u016bsu dators ir darbojies kop\u0161 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s s\u0101kn\u0113\u0161anas, izmantojiet <code>uptime<\/code>komandu, kas nodro\u0161ina ne tikai darb\u012bbas laiku, bet ar\u012b pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo lietot\u0101ja slodzi un sist\u0113mas slodzes vid\u0113jos r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus.<\/p>\n<p>Ierakstiet, <code>uptime -s<\/code>ja v\u0113laties skat\u012bt prec\u012bzu laiku, kad sist\u0113ma p\u0113d\u0113jo reizi tika start\u0113ta.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"uptime komandu interfeiss\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"532\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-230-1.webp\" title=\"uptime komandu interfeiss\" width=\"945\"\/><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"essential-insights\">B\u016btiski ieskati<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012bt\u0101s komandas ir tikai da\u013ca no pieejamajiem r\u012bkiem, lai efekt\u012bvi p\u0101rvald\u012btu j\u016bsu Linux sist\u0113mu; ir neskait\u0101mi citi, lai v\u0113l vair\u0101k vienk\u0101r\u0161otu \u0161o uzdevumu.<\/li>\n<li>Lai gan grafisk\u0101s lietot\u0101ja saskarnes var atk\u0101rtot daudzas \u0161o komandu funkcijas, komandrindas darb\u012bbas da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos bie\u017ei var izr\u0101d\u012bties efekt\u012bv\u0101kas un \u0101tr\u0101kas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"xiaomi\" href=\"https:\/\/allthings.how\/how-to-monitor-and-manage-linux-system-resources-with-terminal-commands\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Avots un att\u0113li<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u0101 Linux jaunpien\u0101c\u0113js j\u016bs var\u0113tu b\u016bt pat\u012bkami p\u0101rsteigts, atkl\u0101jot, ka gandr\u012bz visus sist\u0113mas resursus var p\u0101rvald\u012bt, izmantojot vienk\u0101r\u0161as termin\u0101\u013ca komandas. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai p\u0101rvietotos pa da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m iestat\u012bjumu izv\u0113ln\u0113m un vad\u012bbas pane\u013ciem, vienk\u0101r\u0161i ievadot komandu, var ieg\u016bt t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113ju ieskatu sist\u0113mas resursu izmantojum\u0101. T\u0101l\u0101k m\u0113s izp\u0113t\u0101m b\u016btiskas komandas, kas \u013cauj efekt\u012bvi p\u0101rraudz\u012bt Linux datora resursus. 1. Darb\u012bbas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[207,812,130],"class_list":["post-5503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-linux","tag-linux-commands","tag-microsoft"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5504,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5503\/revisions\/5504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}