{"id":7049,"date":"2025-01-15T16:53:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T16:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/?p=7049"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:53:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T16:53:41","slug":"exploring-the-unique-history-of-desktop-math-coprocessors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/exploring-the-unique-history-of-desktop-math-coprocessors\/","title":{"rendered":"Darbvirsmas matem\u0101tikas kopprocesoru unik\u0101l\u0101s v\u0113stures izp\u0113te"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Kopsavilkums<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori main\u012bja CPU veiktsp\u0113ju, izmantojot specializ\u0113tas mikrosh\u0113mas, kas paredz\u0113tas matem\u0101tiskiem apr\u0113\u0137iniem.<\/li>\n<li>Novatoriski mode\u013ci, piem\u0113ram, Intel 8087, uzlaboja person\u0101lo datoru iesp\u0113jas, \u013caujot tiem veikt sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus uzdevumus, kas iepriek\u0161 bija rezerv\u0113ti liel\u0101k\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/li>\n<li>Uz\u0146\u0113mumi, piem\u0113ram, Cyrix, k\u013cuva par milz\u012bgiem s\u0101ncen\u0161iem matem\u0101tikas l\u012bdzprocesoru ar\u0113n\u0101, izaicinot Intel domin\u0113jo\u0161o st\u0101vokli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u016bsdienu skait\u013co\u0161an\u0101 sagaid\u0101ms, ka j\u016bsu CPU un GPU prasm\u012bgi un nevainojami p\u0101rvald\u012bs visas matem\u0101tisk\u0101s darb\u012bbas. Tom\u0113r person\u0101lo datoru topo\u0161aj\u0101s dien\u0101s lietot\u0101jiem da\u017ereiz bija j\u0101iek\u013cauj papildu mikrosh\u0113ma, kas paz\u012bstama k\u0101 matem\u0101tikas kopprocesors, lai uzlabotu veiktsp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-math-coprocessor\">Kas \u012bsti ir matem\u0101tikas kopprocesors?<\/h2>\n<p>Matem\u0101tikas kopprocesors, ko parasti d\u0113v\u0113 par FPU (peldo\u0161\u0101 komata vien\u012bba), ir specializ\u0113ts mikroprocesors, kas paredz\u0113ts, lai uzlabotu matem\u0101tisko apr\u0113\u0137inu efektivit\u0101ti un precizit\u0101ti CPU, ko tas papildina. Piem\u0113ram, Intel 80387SX kalpo k\u0101 80386SX CPU matem\u0101tiskais kopprocesors.<\/p>\n<p>Ja esat ieg\u0101d\u0101jies 80386SX datoru un v\u0113l\u0101k sask\u0101r\u0101ties ar vajadz\u012bbu p\u0113c uzlabotiem matem\u0101tiskiem apr\u0113\u0137iniem, 80387SX pievieno\u0161ana tam paredz\u0113tajai m\u0101tesplates ligzdai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu iev\u0113rojamu \u0101trumu peldo\u0161\u0101 komata oper\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Termins \u201cpeldo\u0161ais komats\u201d attiecas uz apr\u0113\u0137iniem, kas ietver decim\u0101lv\u0113rt\u012bbas, kontrast\u0113jot ar \u201cveselo skait\u013cu\u201d matem\u0101tiku, kas ir ierobe\u017eota ar veseliem skait\u013ciem. Peldo\u0161\u0101 komata apr\u0113\u0137ini ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi precizit\u0101tei, un tie ir b\u016btiski da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s jom\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, zin\u0101tn\u0113 un in\u017eenierzin\u0101tn\u0113s. M\u016bsdien\u0101s tie ir pamat\u0101 daudz\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m, jo \u200b\u200b\u012bpa\u0161i sp\u0113l\u0113s, radot t\u0101dus terminus k\u0101 gigaflop un teraflop, kur \u201cFLOP\u201d apz\u012bm\u0113 \u201cpeldo\u0161\u0101 komata darb\u012bbu\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Kopprocesori neaprobe\u017eoj\u0101s tikai ar peldo\u0161\u0101 komata apr\u0113\u0137iniem; tie ar\u012b atviegloja sign\u0101lu apstr\u0101di un apstr\u0101d\u0101ja ievades\/izvades (I\/O) uzdevumus starp da\u017e\u0101diem datora komponentiem. Lai gan prim\u0101rais CPU var\u0113ja p\u0101rvald\u012bt \u0161\u012bs funkcijas, tam bie\u017ei tr\u016bka efektivit\u0101tes to izpild\u0113.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-birth-of-the-desktop-math-coprocessor\">Darbvirsmas matem\u0101tikas kopprocesoru \u0123en\u0113ze<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"IBM PC 5150 atrodas uz darbagalda\" class=\"wp-image\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"417\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.howtogeek.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/benj_ibm_pc_workbench.webp\" title=\"IBM PC 5150 atrodas uz darbagalda\" width=\"650\"\/><figcaption><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vintagecomputing.com\">Benjs Edvards<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lai gan j\u0113dziens par specializ\u0113tiem procesoriem at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101m matem\u0101tisk\u0101m funkcij\u0101m bija izplat\u012bts lieldatoru un minidatoru jom\u0101, tas k\u013cuva par iev\u0113rojamu m\u0101jas skait\u013co\u0161anas iez\u012bmi tikai 1970. gadu beig\u0101s un 1980. gadu s\u0101kum\u0101. M\u0101jas skait\u013co\u0161anas ainava \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 v\u0113l bija s\u0101kumstadij\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Ikonisks agr\u012bns matem\u0101tikas kopprocesora piem\u0113rs bija Intel 8087, kas tika ieviests 1980.\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u0101 izv\u0113les uzlabojums Intel 8086 un 8088 procesoriem, kas darbin\u0101ja IBM inaugur\u0101cijas person\u0101los datorus. \u0160is jaunin\u0101jums \u013c\u0101va pat s\u0101kuma l\u012bme\u0146a galddatoriem veikt sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus uzdevumus, kuriem iepriek\u0161 bija nepiecie\u0161amas d\u0101rg\u0101kas un liel\u0101kas sist\u0113mas.<\/p>\n<p>Citi ra\u017eot\u0101ji dr\u012bz sekoja saviem pied\u0101v\u0101jumiem; Piem\u0113ram, Motorola ieviesa 68881, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ta t\u0101 68000. s\u0113rijas procesoriem, kas apr\u012bkoja agr\u012bnos Apple Macintosh un Amiga datoru mode\u013cus.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-rise-of-third-party-math-coprocessors\">Tre\u0161\u0101s puses matem\u0101tikas l\u012bdzprocesoru par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s<\/h2>\n<p>M\u0101jas datoros pieejam\u0101 atv\u0113rt\u0101 kopprocesora ligzda k\u013cuva par vilino\u0161u iesp\u0113ju, ko da\u017ei uz\u0146\u0113mumi nevar\u0113ja nepaman\u012bt. Cyrix bija viens no pionieriem, izlai\u017eot savus Cyrix FasMath 83D87 un 83S87, kas rad\u012bja iev\u0113rojamu konkurenci Intel kopprocesoru iesp\u0113j\u0101m. Tas iez\u012bm\u0113ja str\u012bd\u012bgas v\u0113stures s\u0101kumu, kur\u0101 Cyrix bie\u017ei non\u0101ca nesaska\u0146\u0101s ar Intel, un kulmin\u0101cija bija t\u0101 CPU nep\u0101rtraukta ra\u017eo\u0161ana, tostarp iev\u0113rojam\u0101 6x86MX.<\/p>\n<p>Tikm\u0113r par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s ni\u0161as kopprocesori, kas bija izcili \u012bpa\u0161os lietojumos. Lielisks piem\u0113rs ir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekdot.com\/weitek-abacus-fpu\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Weitek Abacus FPU<\/a> , ko izmantoja uzlabota programmat\u016bra, piem\u0113ram, Autodesk Renderman 3D projekt\u0113\u0161anai ilgi pirms tam paredz\u0113to GPU par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Devi\u0146desmito gadu beig\u0101s atsevi\u0161\u0137o kopprocesoru laikmets liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 bija pag\u0101jis. M\u016bsdienu CPU un GPU tagad neman\u0101mi apstr\u0101d\u0101 peldo\u0161\u0101 komata apr\u0113\u0137inus integr\u0113taj\u0101s procesoru pakotn\u0113s. M\u016bsdien\u0101s person\u0101lais dators var lepoties ar daudziem CPU\u00a0\u2014 piem\u0113ram, manam kl\u0113pjdatoram ir 24 procesori, kas turpina kopapstr\u0101des mantojumu skait\u013co\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<h2>Bie\u017ei uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. K\u0101du lomu m\u016bsdienu skait\u013co\u0161an\u0101 sp\u0113l\u0113 matem\u0101tikas kopprocesors?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Lai gan matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori k\u0101dreiz bija b\u016btiski, m\u016bsdienu CPU un GPU ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ti, lai efekt\u012bvi veiktu sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus apr\u0113\u0137inus, neizmantojot atsevi\u0161\u0137as mikrosh\u0113mas. Tom\u0113r izpratne par matem\u0101tisko kopprocesoru v\u0113sturisko lomu nodro\u0161ina v\u0113rt\u012bgu kontekstu m\u016bsdienu integr\u0113taj\u0101m apstr\u0101des sist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Vai es joproj\u0101m varu izmantot matem\u0101tikas kopprocesorus \u0161odien?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Parasti matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori nav sader\u012bgi ar m\u016bsdienu skait\u013co\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101m, jo \u200b\u200btie ir paredz\u0113ti noteikt\u0101m vec\u0101k\u0101m arhitekt\u016br\u0101m. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca funkciju ir piel\u012bdzin\u0101tas m\u016bsdienu CPU un GPU.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. K\u0101 matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori main\u012bja person\u0101l\u0101s skait\u013co\u0161anas ainavu?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori \u013c\u0101va person\u0101lajiem datoriem veikt sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus matem\u0101tiskos apr\u0113\u0137inus, kas iepriek\u0161 bija rezerv\u0113ti jaud\u012bg\u0101k\u0101m un d\u0101rg\u0101k\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m. \u0160\u012b pieejam\u012bba veicin\u0101ja skait\u013co\u0161anas izaugsmi da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s jom\u0101s, veicinot galddatoru sist\u0113mu evol\u016bciju par daudzfunkcion\u0101l\u0101m iek\u0101rt\u0101m, uz kur\u0101m \u0161odien pa\u013caujamies.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"xiaomi\" href=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/the-quirky-history-of-math-coprocessors\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Avots un att\u0113li<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kopsavilkums Matem\u0101tikas kopprocesori main\u012bja CPU veiktsp\u0113ju, izmantojot specializ\u0113tas mikrosh\u0113mas, kas paredz\u0113tas matem\u0101tiskiem apr\u0113\u0137iniem. Novatoriski mode\u013ci, piem\u0113ram, Intel 8087, uzlaboja person\u0101lo datoru iesp\u0113jas, \u013caujot tiem veikt sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus uzdevumus, kas iepriek\u0161 bija rezerv\u0113ti liel\u0101k\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m. Uz\u0146\u0113mumi, piem\u0113ram, Cyrix, k\u013cuva par milz\u012bgiem s\u0101ncen\u0161iem matem\u0101tikas l\u012bdzprocesoru ar\u0113n\u0101, izaicinot Intel domin\u0113jo\u0161o st\u0101vokli. M\u016bsdienu skait\u013co\u0161an\u0101 sagaid\u0101ms, ka j\u016bsu CPU un GPU [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[892,905,9],"class_list":["post-7049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-computer-history","tag-history","tag-windows"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7049"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7050,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7049\/revisions\/7050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}