{"id":7903,"date":"2025-02-01T10:13:25","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T10:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/?p=7903"},"modified":"2025-02-01T10:13:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T10:13:25","slug":"top-12-open-source-firewalls-for-linux-distributions-in-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/top-12-open-source-firewalls-for-linux-distributions-in-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"12 popul\u0101r\u0101kie atkl\u0101t\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016bri Linux izplat\u012b\u0161anai 2025.\u00a0gad\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ugunsm\u016bri ir neaizst\u0101jami datort\u012bklu nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai, r\u016bp\u012bgi filtr\u0113jot gan ien\u0101ko\u0161o, gan izejo\u0161o trafiku. Tiem, kas mekl\u0113 bud\u017eetam draudz\u012bgas iesp\u0113jas, atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016bri ir pievilc\u012bgs risin\u0101jums. Tom\u0113r ir svar\u012bgi preciz\u0113t, ka atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda izmanto\u0161ana nenoz\u012bm\u0113, ka tie ir bez maksas; t\u0101 viet\u0101 tie tiek izplat\u012bti saska\u0146\u0101 ar licenc\u0113m, kas lietot\u0101jiem nodro\u0161ina piek\u013cuvi avota kodam. Tas \u013cauj lietot\u0101jiem br\u012bvi izveidot piel\u0101gotus ugunsm\u016brus vai izmantot eso\u0161\u0101s versijas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Re\u0101lais ieguvums, izv\u0113loties atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda ugunsm\u016bri, ir iesp\u0113ja iev\u0113rojami ietaup\u012bt izmaksas, sal\u012bdzinot ar augst\u0101k\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes, patent\u0113t\u0101m alternat\u012bv\u0101m. T\u0101 k\u0101 daudzi ugunsm\u016bri ir pieejami lejupiel\u0101dei tie\u0161saist\u0113, Linux lietot\u0101jiem var rasties probl\u0113mas, nosakot piem\u0113rotas iesp\u0113jas, jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c, ka daudzi uz Linux balst\u012bti ugunsm\u016bri ir p\u0101rtraukti. Lai vienk\u0101r\u0161otu \u0161o procesu, esam izveidoju\u0161i sarakstu ar lab\u0101kajiem atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016briem, kas pieejami Linux lietot\u0101jiem 2025.gad\u0101. Windows lietot\u0101ji tiek aicin\u0101ti izp\u0113t\u012bt savai sist\u0113mai piem\u0113rotas alternat\u012bvas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Popul\u0101r\u0101kie atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda Linux ugunsm\u016bri 2025.gadam<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

1. Ugunsm\u016bris<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Firewalld kalpo k\u0101 noklus\u0113juma ugunsm\u016bra p\u0101rvald\u012bbas risin\u0101jums t\u0101diem izplat\u012bjumiem k\u0101 RHEL, CanvO S, SUSE un OpenSUSE. Ieg\u016bstot milz\u012bgu popularit\u0101ti, \u0161is ugunsm\u016bris lepojas ar dinamisku t\u012bkla atbalstu un lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bgu interfeisu, padarot to par v\u0113lamo izv\u0113li starp Linux lietot\u0101jiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ugunsm\u016bra<\/figure>\n

Galven\u0101s Firewalld funkcijas ietver D-Bus API, IPV4 un IPV6 atbalstu, tilta funkcionalit\u0101ti un IPset sader\u012bbu. Lietot\u0101ji var neman\u0101mi konfigur\u0113t iestat\u012bjumus, izmantojot termin\u0101li, uzlabojot t\u0101 lietojam\u012bbu da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s t\u012bkla vid\u0113s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atkl\u0101jiet ugunsm\u016bri<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

2. UFW (nesare\u017e\u0123\u012bts ugunsm\u016bris)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nesare\u017e\u0123\u012btais ugunsm\u016bris (UFW) ir lieliska izv\u0113le ies\u0101c\u0113jiem, kuri v\u0113las izmantot Linux balst\u012btus ugunsm\u016brus. T\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bba kop\u0101 ar t\u0101d\u0101m funkcij\u0101m k\u0101 IPv6 atbalsts un statusa uzraudz\u012bba nodro\u0161ina pieejamu ieejas punktu t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bb\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"UFW<\/figure>\n

UFW pied\u0101v\u0101 funkcionalit\u0101ti ugunsm\u016bra noteikumu vienk\u0101r\u0161ai pievieno\u0161anai, no\u0146em\u0161anai un modific\u0113\u0161anai. Ubuntu un Debian lietot\u0101jiem GUFW \u2014 grafisk\u0101 saskarne \u2014 v\u0113l vair\u0101k racionaliz\u0113 konfigur\u0101ciju un p\u0101rvald\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izp\u0113tiet UFW<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

3. Iptables<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Iptables izce\u013cas k\u0101 labi atpaz\u012bstams nosaukums ugunsm\u016bra tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101. Tas ir slavens ar savu daudzpus\u012bbu, un tas \u013cauj administratoriem p\u0113c vajadz\u012bbas modific\u0113t noteikumu kopas. Lai gan pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i Linux lietot\u0101ji nov\u0113rt\u0113 t\u0101s jaud\u012bg\u0101s iesp\u0113jas, pat ies\u0101c\u0113ji var \u0101tri aptvert t\u0101s galven\u0101s funkcijas.<\/p>\n

Iev\u0113rojam\u0101s funkcijas ietver pake\u0161u filtr\u0113\u0161anas noteikumu kopu, pake\u0161u galve\u0146u efekt\u012bvu ievie\u0161anu un p\u0101rbaudi, redi\u0123\u0113jamus noteikumus un visaptvero\u0161us datu dubl\u0113\u0161anas un atjauno\u0161anas ce\u013cus. Tas ir uzticams r\u012bks gan augsta l\u012bme\u0146a, gan s\u0101kuma l\u012bme\u0146a lietot\u0101jiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Iptables<\/figure>\n

Uzziniet par Iptables<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

4.pfSense<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

PfSense, kas tiek uzskat\u012bts par vienu no uzticam\u0101kajiem atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016briem, ir balst\u012bts uz FreeBSD oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113mu. Tas izce\u013cas ar augsta l\u012bme\u0146a pake\u0161u filtr\u0113\u0161anu, kas uzlabo visp\u0101r\u0113jo t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"pfSense<\/figure>\n

pfSense ir pieejams da\u017e\u0101dos form\u0101tos, tostarp aparat\u016bras ier\u012bc\u0113s un lejupiel\u0101d\u0113jamos izdevumos lietot\u0101jiem, kuri mekl\u0113 elast\u012bbu. T\u0101s uzlabot\u0101s funkcijas cita starp\u0101 ietver slodzes l\u012bdzsvaro\u0161anu gan ien\u0101ko\u0161ajai, gan izejo\u0161ajai trafikai, sader\u012bbu ar DNS un DHCP serveriem. Uzlabotai funkcionalit\u0101tei ir pieejama ar\u012b augst\u0101k\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes komerci\u0101l\u0101 versija.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pieredzi pfSense<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

5. IpCop ugunsm\u016bris<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

IpCop Firewall sola nep\u0101rsp\u0113jamu elast\u012bbu un m\u0113rogojam\u012bbu t\u0101 noteikumu kopuma ietvaros. Lai gan tam ir l\u012bdz\u012bbas ar Iptables, tas ir apr\u012bkots ar uzlabot\u0101m funkcij\u0101m, kas to at\u0161\u0137ir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"IpCop<\/figure>\n

Da\u017eas no t\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bgaj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m ietver t\u012bklam specifisku virtu\u0101lo ma\u0161\u012bnu, uzlabotas veiktsp\u0113jas iesp\u0113jas un konsekventu protokolu atbalsta sintakse.\u0160is ugunsm\u016bris ir iztur\u012bga izv\u0113le, kas atbilst da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m t\u012bkla pras\u012bb\u0101m.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0101rbaudiet IpCop<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

6. Endi\u0101ns<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Endian ir augstas dro\u0161\u012bbas ugunsm\u016bris, kas ir slavens ar piln\u012bgu t\u012bkla aizsardz\u012bbu un r\u016bp\u012bgu pake\u0161u p\u0101rbaudi. Izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji apgalvo, ka tas var p\u0101rveidot pamata iek\u0101rtu par dro\u0161\u012bbas bastionu, kas apr\u012bkots ar surog\u0101tpasta br\u012bdin\u0101jumiem un papildu aizsardz\u012bbas pas\u0101kumiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Endian funkcijas ietver re\u0101llaika t\u012bkla uzraudz\u012bbu, divvirzienu dro\u0161\u012bbas protokolus un piel\u0101gojamus surog\u0101tpasta br\u012bdin\u0101jumus, pied\u0101v\u0101jot lietot\u0101jiem uzlabotus dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146us vi\u0146u t\u012bkla konfigur\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Endian<\/figure>\n

Atkl\u0101jiet Endianu<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

7. IPFire<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Vai mekl\u0113jat vienk\u0101r\u0161u ugunsm\u016bri personiskai vai neliela biroja lieto\u0161anai? IPFire izce\u013cas k\u0101 lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bga opcija, kas lepojas ar t\u0101d\u0101m funkcij\u0101m k\u0101 satura filtr\u0113\u0161ana, vair\u0101ku izvieto\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas un ieb\u016bv\u0113ta ielau\u0161an\u0101s noteik\u0161anas sist\u0113ma. Turkl\u0101t tas kalpo k\u0101 efekt\u012bva VPN v\u0101rteja vai starpniekserveris.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"IPFire\"<\/figure>\n

Daudzi Linux lietot\u0101ji pa\u013caujas uz IPFire pieejam\u0101m un dinamisk\u0101m konfigur\u0101cij\u0101m, padarot to par ide\u0101lu pal\u012bgu t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izm\u0113\u0123iniet IPFire<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

8. OPNSense<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u0113l viens lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bgs Linux ugunsm\u016bris, kura pamat\u0101 ir Hardened BSD, ir OPNSense. Tas pied\u0101v\u0101 daudzus augst\u0101k\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes dro\u0161\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013cus bez saist\u012bt\u0101m izmaks\u0101m, un regul\u0101ri tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ti atjaunin\u0101jumi katru ned\u0113\u013cu, lai nov\u0113rstu ievainojam\u012bbas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"OPNSense<\/figure>\n

Papildu funkcijas ietver p\u0101rs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas ke\u0161atmi\u0146as starpniekserveri, trafika veido\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas, ielau\u0161an\u0101s noteik\u0161anas sist\u0113mas un VPN atbalstu. T\u0101 daudzveid\u012bg\u0101s funkcijas un sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101 uzb\u016bves kvalit\u0101te padara OPNSense par v\u0113lamu izv\u0113li Linux lietot\u0101jiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izp\u0113tiet OPNSense<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

9. At\u0161\u0137etiniet ugunsm\u016bri<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Untangle ir atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016bris, kas sak\u0146ojas Debian 8.4 un pied\u0101v\u0101 pla\u0161u funkciju kl\u0101stu, izmantojot intuit\u012bvu t\u012bmek\u013ca lietot\u0101ja interfeisu. T\u012bkla pamatfunkcijas ir pieejamas bez maksas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"At\u0161\u0137etiniet<\/figure>\n

Tam ir ar\u012b t\u0101das funkcijas k\u0101 aizsardz\u012bba pret surog\u0101tpastu, pik\u0161\u0137er\u0113\u0161anas uzbrukumiem, v\u012brusiem, ielau\u0161an\u0101s nov\u0113r\u0161ana un rekl\u0101mu blo\u0137\u0113\u0161ana. Untangle var bez piep\u016bles instal\u0113t jebkur\u0101 fizisk\u0101 vai virtu\u0101laj\u0101 ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101, vai ar\u012b lietot\u0101ji var izv\u0113l\u0113ties ier\u012bces ar iepriek\u0161 instal\u0113tu NG ugunsm\u016bri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uzziniet vair\u0101k par Untangle<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

10. Shorewall \u2014 Iptables vienk\u0101r\u0161o\u0161ana<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\"Shorewall<\/figure>\n

Popul\u0101ra izv\u0113le Linux lietot\u0101ju vid\u016b, Shorewall vienk\u0101r\u0161o Linux kodol\u0101 integr\u0113to iptables vai ipchains iestat\u012b\u0161anu.\u0160is ugunsm\u016bris atbalsta IPV6, padarot to par daudzpus\u012bgu iesp\u0113ju.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shorewall ir \u012bpa\u0161i izdev\u012bgs lietot\u0101jiem, kuriem ir gr\u016bti izveidot iptables noteikumus, kas efekt\u012bvi darbojas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s v\u0101rtejas, mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101ja un ugunsm\u016bra vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Piek\u013c\u016bstiet Shorewall<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

11. Ugunsm\u016bris<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\"Ugunsm\u016bra<\/figure>\n

Ar skaidru un konsekventu saskarni Vuurmuur ir v\u0113rts uzskat\u012bt par Linux ugunsm\u016bri. Nodro\u0161inot \u013coti konfigur\u0113jamu un stabilu vidi, t\u0101 \u013cauj lietot\u0101jiem neman\u0101mi p\u0101rvald\u012bt savienojumus un \u017eurn\u0101lus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lai gan instal\u0113\u0161ana var rad\u012bt nelielu izaicin\u0101jumu uzlaboto funkciju d\u0113\u013c, Vuurmuur atbalsta trafika veido\u0161anu un IPV6, k\u0101 ar\u012b citas funkcijas, nodro\u0161inot visaptvero\u0161u t\u012bkla p\u0101rvald\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apmekl\u0113jiet Firewall<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

12. ClearOS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\"ClearOS<\/figure>\n

ClearOS ir izcils uz CentOS balst\u012bts risin\u0101jums, kas kalpo gan k\u0101 ugunsm\u016bris, gan k\u0101 satura filtr\u0113\u0161anas r\u012bks. Tam ir iespaid\u012bgas ielau\u0161an\u0101s noteik\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas, padarot to par uzticamu izv\u0113li lietot\u0101jiem, kuriem r\u016bp dro\u0161\u012bba.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ar t\u012bru un intuit\u012bvu lietot\u0101ja interfeisu ClearOS racionaliz\u0113 iestat\u012b\u0161anu, \u013caujot bez piep\u016bles izveidot vair\u0101kus t\u012bklus.\u0160is izplat\u012bjums izce\u013cas k\u0101 lieliska ugunsm\u016bra izv\u0113le Linux lietot\u0101jiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izp\u0113tiet ClearOS<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 digit\u0101laj\u0101 laikmet\u0101 ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi izprast stabilas t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anas noz\u012bmi. Izmantojot k\u0101du no \u0161iem Linux ugunsm\u016briem, j\u016bs varat iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101t nesankcion\u0113tas piek\u013cuves risku un nodro\u0161in\u0101t t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbu. M\u0113s ceram, ka \u0161is visaptvero\u0161ais saraksts pal\u012bdz\u0113s jums izv\u0113l\u0113ties vislab\u0101ko atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda ugunsm\u016bri j\u016bsu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Bie\u017ei uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n

1. Kas ir atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda ugunsm\u016bris?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda ugunsm\u016bris ir t\u012bkla dro\u0161\u012bbas sist\u0113ma, kuras pirmkods ir publiski pieejams saska\u0146\u0101 ar licenc\u0113m, kas \u013cauj to izmantot, modific\u0113t un izplat\u012bt. Tas lietot\u0101jiem nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101ku elast\u012bbu ugunsm\u016bra l\u012bdzek\u013cu un konfigur\u0101ciju piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n

2. Vai atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda ugunsm\u016bri ir piem\u0113roti uz\u0146\u0113mumiem?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

J\u0101, daudzi atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016bri ir \u013coti piem\u0113roti uz\u0146\u0113mumiem to m\u0113rogojam\u012bbas, piel\u0101go\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju un izmaksu efektivit\u0101tes d\u0113\u013c sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar patent\u0113tajiem ugunsm\u016briem. Tie bie\u017ei ietver visaptvero\u0161us dro\u0161\u012bbas elementus, kas atbilst da\u017e\u0101du organiz\u0101ciju vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n

3. K\u0101 izv\u0113l\u0113ties sav\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m lab\u0101ko Linux ugunsm\u016bri?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Izv\u0113loties Linux ugunsm\u016bri, \u0146emiet v\u0113r\u0101 t\u0101dus faktorus k\u0101 lieto\u0161anas vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bba, funkciju kopa, kopienas atbalsts un sader\u012bba ar eso\u0161o t\u012bkla infrastrukt\u016bru. Turkl\u0101t nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet savas \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s dro\u0161\u012bbas vajadz\u012bbas un ugunsm\u016bra p\u0101rvald\u012bbai pieejamos resursus.<\/p>\n

Avots un att\u0113li<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ugunsm\u016bri ir neaizst\u0101jami datort\u012bklu nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai, r\u016bp\u012bgi filtr\u0113jot gan ien\u0101ko\u0161o, gan izejo\u0161o trafiku. Tiem, kas mekl\u0113 bud\u017eetam draudz\u012bgas iesp\u0113jas, atv\u0113rt\u0101 pirmkoda ugunsm\u016bri ir pievilc\u012bgs risin\u0101jums. Tom\u0113r ir svar\u012bgi preciz\u0113t, ka atv\u0113rt\u0101 koda izmanto\u0161ana nenoz\u012bm\u0113, ka tie ir bez maksas; t\u0101 viet\u0101 tie tiek izplat\u012bti saska\u0146\u0101 ar licenc\u0113m, kas lietot\u0101jiem nodro\u0161ina piek\u013cuvi avota kodam. Tas \u013cauj lietot\u0101jiem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[335],"class_list":["post-7903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","tag-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7903"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7904,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7903\/revisions\/7904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howtogeek.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}